By the first century AD, Eusebius had referred to Bishop Papias of Hierapolis as providing evidence to Matthews authorship of his gospel, stating that Matthew assembled the oracles in the Hebrew language, and each one gave his finest interpretation as best he could. The Gospel of Matthew was written in the Hebrew language, and it was published in Jerusalem, although Matthew fell asleep at Hierees, a village in the Parthia region, according to Hippolytus. He sees our complete potential in its fullest now, just as He does in the past. They have traveled on foot, on horseback, in carriages and in donkey carts. The body would be placed on a stone bench in the sepulcher. That the Lord came, not to condemn the world, but to save it. Philip was hanged against a pillar at Heropolis (Abyssinia). His preaching is said to have taken him as far east as India, where the ancient Marthoma Christians venerate him as their founder, according to tradition. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. When Constantine became the first Christian Emperor of Rome, he thought that Peter was buried on the Vatican Hill, and bones discovered in a 1939 archaeological dig may provide evidence to substantiate this view. This was the big bang moment for Christianity, with the Apostles blasting out of Jerusalem and scattering across the known world." After many trials in Rome, he was sentenced to death by crucifixion. Many of them are derived from peripheral historical, apocryphal, or non-Latter-day Saint sources, such as mythology. There is very little information available concerning Bartholomews death. For this purpose, most of them stayed among Jews. Rest in Jesus!. In fact, the names of the apostles are among the most popular given names for boys and men in the Western world. Jesus recognized them as siblings. They were present during many of Jesuss miracles. There is considerable disagreement as to which James is which, but this James is thought to have served as a pastor in Syria, according to tradition. Solicitation Disclosure Statement It was he who ordered the execution of Johns brother James with the sword (Acts 12:12). After he was tried for blasphemy, around the year 35, his accusers dragged him out of the city and stoned him to death while he prayed for them. Matthew/Levi missionary to Parthia (Iran); died of old age. They also coveted the idea of being Jesus' deputies, which could have provoked disquiet amongst the other disciples. |::|, Andrew Todhunter wrote in National Geographic: In its earliest days the movement was too insignificant to attract wide-scale persecution, and Christians, as they came to be called, had more friction with neighboring Jewish sects than with the Roman Empire. Zaehner (Barnes & Noble Books, 1959); King James Version of the Bible, gutenberg.org; New International Version (NIV) of The Bible, biblegateway.com; Egeria's Description of the Liturgical Year in Jerusalem users.ox.ac.uk ; Complete Works of Josephus at Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL), translated by William Whiston, ccel.org , Metropolitan Museum of Art metmuseum.org, Frontline, PBS, Encyclopedia of the World Cultures edited by David Levinson (G.K. Hall & Company, New York, 1994); National Geographic, New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Smithsonian magazine, Times of London, The New Yorker, Time, Newsweek, Reuters, AP, AFP, Lonely Planet Guides, Comptons Encyclopedia and various books and other publications. The second category was composed of those who followed Jesus from town to town, village to village. In A.D. 812, after Charlemagne's victory, the story continues, a normally-reclusive hermit-monk named Pelagius emerged from his cave to collect grasses and honey to eat and noticed a bright star hanging over a spot in a field. Can banks make loans out of their required reserves? They were unremarkable, unexceptional, and hardworking guys with little or no social standing. At least four of the apostles were fishermen, according to tradition. Bloody episodes like this would recur sporadically for the next two centuries. Matthew, a tax collector who also happened to be the author of the Gospel of Matthew, served in Persia and Ethiopia. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The young Saulwho would soon become Paul in his celebrated conversion on the road to Damascus observed Stephen's execution, minding the cloaks of those who stoned him. Paul, another apostle of Jesus, also stayed in Caesarea for a while. According to Foxes Book of Martyrs, in India, he was at long last horribly thrashed and finally crucified by the eager idolaters, as the story goes. After Jesus's death, the disciples became the Apostles (a Greek word that means ones sent forth) and Judas Iscariot, the betrayer of Jesus, was replaced by Matthias. As well as Asia Minor, modern-day Turkey, and Greece, where he is claimed to have been crucified, he preached across the world. WebJesus (c. 4 BC AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other names and titles), was a first-century Roman born Jewish preacher and These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The bones were placed in a crypt in a chapel called Campus Stella ("Field Star") built on the field. We also learn from the book of Acts that when each of the disciples went forth to preach and evangelize, many of them were eventually murdered for their beliefs. He needed people he could trust to send out his message and to continue the work when he was no longer around to lead the nascent Christian movement. Except for the fact that he was crucified in the year 80 AD, little is known about his exploits. According to a third story, Charlemagne had a dream shortly before he died in the 9th century in which he saw a star-lit road leading from France and Spain to the as yet undiscovered tomb of St. James. Paul is often included in the Apostles, because it was said that his deeds and passions equaled that of the original twelve. According to Luke VI 12-13: Jesus went out into a mountain to pray and continued all night in prayer to God. He was mercilessly tortured and then crucified by the eager idolaters, according to Foxes Book of Martyrs, who believes that he died in India. Act 12:2 And with the sword, he assassinated James, Johns younger brother. In Acts 1:1226, he is the disciple who took the place of Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Jesus and subsequently hung himself (Matthew 27:5). [Source: L. Michael White, Professor of Classics and Director of the Religious Studies Program University of Texas at Austin, Frontline, PBS, April 1998 ]. The word apostle is derived from the Greek apostolos, or messenger. They will kill him, and after three days he will rise (Mark 9:31). According to an early Latin story, he managed to escape unharmed after being thrown into boiling oil in Rome. According to the gospels, Christ came to Peter a few days after his crucifixion and death. Pelagius dug and unearthed a perfumed body with a reattached head and a note attached to the body that read: "Santiago, son of Zebedee and Salome, brother of John, whom Herod beheaded in Jerusalem. The resurrection of Jesus, also known as anastasis, is the Christian belief that God resurrected Jesus from the dead on After that, the king brought the remains of the apostles into his city, where he built a cathedral of wondrous splendor in their honor.. Certain of the earliest records claim that he was not martyred, while others claim that he was stabbed to death in Ethiopia, according to some sources. Andrew traveled to the former Soviet Union, which is now known as Russia. Thats where all of the excellent stuff is located. He stood at the foot of the Cross when Jesus committed the care of his mother Mary to him. Judas the betrayer was replaced with the apostle Matthais, who was elected by the apostles. After 40 days, Jesus left this Earth as recorded in Mark 16:19: So then, after the Lord had spoken to them, He was received up into heaven and sat down at the right hand of God. After his ascension, the disciples faced many challenges and questions about their responsibilities. |::|. There were missionary efforts in major centers, first in Jerusalem, then Antioch, then Rome, but certainly no sense of a headquarters. The apostle Philip is credited with spreading the gospel throughout Phrygia, which is modern-day Turkey, following the resurrection of Jesus Christ. The soldiers are said to have penetrated his body with their spears, causing him to die on the spot. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. There is little evidence to back up this assertion other than a vague hint in Book of Acts. March 11, 2005 In Acts 1:2-3, we find Him giving the apostles final instructions. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Andrew traveled to the Soviet Union, which is now known as Russia. Herod was a jerk and a jerk he was. They were, in other words, the chief missionaries of the Jesus movement. After years of missionary activity in Armenia and India, Bartholomew also known as Nathanael is thought to have met his end by martyrdom in the year 70 A.D., following a similar path as Andrew. We also shouldn't minimize the level of expectation that was going through their minds at that time because with the passing of this first generation, the expectation that all of those coming events must be closer to hand probably was a concern for a lot of people. This was after the great fire, and the emperor Nero seemed to have wanted to blame the fire on a variety of groups in Rome such as Jews and Christians. The third category of Jesuss followers was known as the apostles. In The Golden Legend, when Simon and Jude used their authority to force demons to come out of idols, the religious authorities slaughtered them: And when the bishops saw this, they hurried upon the apostles and hewed them to death anon. And at that same hour, when the weather was perfect, there was such a squall of thunder and lightning that the temple was split in three, and the two enchanters were converted into embers by the strike of thunder. He was joined by Peter, Andrew, James the Greater, James the Lesser, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thaddaeus, Simonand Matthias, who replaced the former disciple and alleged traitor, Judas Iscariot. What did the Twelve Apostles do after Jesus died? Matthew 28, 19-20). In addition to being the son of Alphaeus, he may have been Matthews brother; he should not be confused with the author of the Book of James (who was Jesus brother); while preaching in Jerusalem, he was stoned to death by the Jews and was buried near the temple. After the crucifixion of Jesus, His disciples shook up by His death and the miracles that followed tried to continue His work as much as they could. What did Jesus do with his disciples after his resurrection? It is claimed on one Christian website that Matthew become a missionary and was jailed in Ethiopia. It was at this location that he was staked or impaled to the ground with spears before being beheaded. Thaddeus (one of Jesus brothers, also called Jude) was shot to death with arrows. Sources on what happened to Jesus followers include the following: Source1: Hippolytus of Rome (d. 236 AD) date of birth and death uncertain. Judas (also called Iscariot), after betraying his Lord, hanged himself. The remaining 11 original disciples that became Apostles were: 1) Peter (originally known as Simon and Simon Peter); 2) Andrew (Simons brother); 3) James the Elder (the disciple that Jesus loved); 4) John (James the Elders brother); 5) Philip; 6) Bartholomew; 7) Matthew (or Levi); 8) James the Less (or James the Younger, possibly Jesuss brother); 9) Thaddeus (or Jude or Judas, brother of James the Less); 10) Thomas (Doubting Thomas); and 11) Simon Zelotes. Peter requested that he be crucified upside down because he did not believe he was worthy of dying in the same manner as his Lord. According to National Geographic, however, the following is their take on the matter: Andrew, the brother of Peter, traveled to Patras in western Greece in 69 AD, where he argued religion with the Roman proconsul Aegeates, according to the religious historian Dorman Newman of the 15th century. St. Jude was known as the forgotten apostle since his given name was the same as that of Judas Iscariot. He preached to the Parthians (Iran), Medes (Iran), Persians (Iran), Hyrcanians (Afghanistan), Bactrians (Afghanistan), and Margians before being slain and buried at Calamene, an Indian city. In John we see two pairs, the unnamed women, the mother of the Lord and her sister; and the two women who are named, Mary of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene. He was the son of Clopas and was laid to rest in the city of Jerusalem when he died. They would have left the comfort of their family homes to hit the road, often sleeping rough and relying on the hospitality of locals for food and shelter. The twelve apostles were basically regular guys who went to work every day. Saint Helena is claimed to have carried some of his relics to Rome, where they now rest. They may not have always understood what his message was and their faith may have wavered at times but all of them, apart from the tragic case of Judas, stuck with him until his death. Traditionally, Matthias is linked with Armenia, which is located on the northern banks of the Black Sea, before returning to Jerusalem, where he is said to have been stoned to death by a hostile mob in 51, making him most likely the second of the twelve apostles to perish. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. As John writes from the island of Patmos in Greece, I John, your brother, who shares with you in Jesus the tribulation and the kingdom as well as the patient endurance, was on the island of Patmos because of Gods message and Jesus witness, according to the book of Revelation (Revelation 1:9). However, according to Christian tradition, the other apostles continued to spread the gospel after Christs death, albeit with a lack of the unity and strength that they had during Christs physical life. After Jesuss death John was busy winning converts in Jerusalem. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Paul, in particular, takes a leading role in spreading the teachings of Jesus to Gentiles (non Jews) in the Roman Empire. The original 12th, Judas Iscariot, committed suicide after his betrayal after the Last Supper. After Jesus, the two most significant figures in Christianity are the apostles Peter and Paul/Saul. According to legend, when St. James first came ashore onto Spanish soil he stepped on a thorn which he took out with the help of an angel holding a lantern. There are a variety of different accounts of Simon the Zealots demise. To this day, the names of Jesus apostles are among the most well-known in the world. Saints' Books Library saintsbooks.net ; Saints and Their Legends: A Selection of Saints libmma.contentdm ; BibleAskTeam is dedicated to His service. Matthias, the thirteenth, was a local missionary in Jerusalem who died of old age. Websites and Resources: Christianity Britannica on Christianity britannica.com//Christianity ; History of Christianity history-world.org/jesus_christ ; BBC on Christianity bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity ;Wikipedia article on Christianity Wikipedia ; Religious Tolerance religioustolerance.org/christ.htm ; Christian Answers christiananswers.net ; How do you I stop my TV from turning off at a time dish? Dan Ketchum has been a professional writer since 2003, and his work has appeared in a variety of publications, both online and offline, including Word Riot, Bazooka Magazine, Anemone Sidecar, Trails, and other publications. Biblical Archaeology Society biblicalarchaeology.org ; Saints and Their Lives Today's Saints on the Calendar catholicsaints.info ; 16:18), begged to be hanged upside down on the cross because he did not believe he was worthy to die in the same manner as his Lord. Matthew, one of the four evangelists, is most known for his Gospel, which he wrote. He said, Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father Andrew is reported to have proclaimed the gospel of Christ to the Thracians and Scythians just before he was killed in battle. Foxes Book of Martyrs records the following about Matthew: The scene of his labors was Parthia, and Ethiopia, in which latter nation he experienced martyrdom, being slaughtered with a halberd in the city of Nadabah, A.D. 60, according to Foxes Book of Martyrs. Paul was beaten throughout his life while he preached Christianity, and he was eventually killed by the Roman Emperor Nero in the year 67 A.D. Because of the stigma associated with the name Judas, he may have adopted the name Thaddaeus (warm-hearted). Privacy His 12 disciples were: 1) Peter (originally known as Simon and Simon Peter); 2) Andrew (Simons brother); 3) James the Elder (the disciple that Jesus loved); 4) John (James the Elders brother); 5) Philip; 6) Bartholomew; 7) Matthew (or Levi); 8) James the Less (or James the Younger, possibly Jesuss brother); 9) Thaddeus (or Jude or Judas, brother of James the Less); 10) Thomas (Doubting Thomas); 11) Simon Zelotes; and 12)Judas Iscariot. They were not the type of people that you would have anticipated Jesus to send forth on his mission to bring the gospel to all of humanity. The New Testament has only fragmentary information about them. It is beyond doubt that the initial apostolic college consisted of Simon Peter, Andrew, James, and John, Philip, Thomas, Matthew, James, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot, as well as Judas Iscariot himself. It is recorded that he brought the wife of a proconsul to the Lord. (listed alphabetically). In Caesarea, Peter, one of Jesus apostles, baptized Cornelius who was a centurion and a gentile. 12. Andrew was scourged and then chained to a cross, rather than being nailed to it, in order for him to suffer for a longer period of time before dying. Missionary to Parthia (Iran), Matthew/Levi, who died of old age in Parthia (Iran). They were sent off, probably in small groups, to preach and to perform, on a smaller scale, many of the miraculous things Jesus did. He resided at Caesarea for more than two decades, and Paul and Luke paid him visits there (Acts 21:8). The brutal ways Jesus' disciples died. Peter was nailed to a cross. And John names Thaddeus, referring to him as Judas(not Iscariot) (not Iscariot) (John 14:22). The very next verse makes this clear: But they did not understand what he meant and were afraid to ask him (Mark 9:32). Mark, who had taken on the role of Peters interpreter, meticulously recorded all he remembered. Keep in mind that the majority of information is based on tradition (with the exception of Judas and James), as the origins cannot be proven beyond a reasonable doubt. These were called disciples, and according to the Gospel of Luke, there were 70 or 72 of them, depending on which version of the text you believe. Traditionally, it is considered that Peter was the one who initially arrived to Antioch and founded a community there. Is it possible that this was one of the reasons why the fish was one of the oldest and most renowned Christian symbols? In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. At least one of Judas's offspring died at Masada. In the dream, God told Charlemagne it was duty to lead his army across the Pyrenees to free northern Spain from Moorish-Muslim rule. In time the terms "apostle" and "apostolic" were applied to others who spread the word. Later the chapel was ensconced inside a huge cathedral that was built up over the centuries. The dispersion of the Apostles is the name given to this historical occurrence. Christianitys historians say James was assassinated in 63 A.D. by three men who demanded that he deny the legitimacy of Christs resurrection. Come, follow Me, Jesus invited, promising to turn his followers into fishermen. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Some of the earliest records claim that he was not martyred, while others claim that he was stabbed to death in Ethiopia, according to the sources. John is the only apostle who is believed to have died of natural causes due to old age. At death his Spirit went to the Father in heaven, and then returned to be clothed in the resurrection body, in which he appeared to the In the case of Paul, he claimed the title of apostle for himself, believing he had seen the Lord and received a spiritual commission from him. The title Apostle has also been given to Barnabas, Pauls traveling companion, Luke, the author of one of the Gospels. But, if anything, their presence accentuates the aloneness of Jesus. According to Luke VI 12-13: Jesus went out into a mountain to pray and continued all night in prayer to God. The facts of Philips death appear to be in dispute among those who know him. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. He died in Jerusalem in 44 AD, although his grave is nowhere to be found in the vicinity of this place. They were all afraid when Jesus was crucified. Unique Circular Format see more in less space. 12 Thomas, a missionary to the Parthians/Medes/Hyrcanians (Iran) and Bactrians (Afghanistan); he was martyred by being speared in four separate locations. The Apostolic Age refers to the period of early Christianity that encompassed the lives of the apostles and their successors. Eusebius analyzes the reason why John penned his Gospel: Matthew and John have left us written memories, and they, according to tradition, were only compelled to write because of the constraint of need. And after Mark and Luke had already written their Gospels, they report that John, who had spent all of his time preaching the Gospel orally, eventually decided to write because of the following reason. Following his death, his body was transported to Spain, where it is presently ensconced in the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. There Attempting to persuade Andrew to abandon Christianity so that he would not be subjected to torture and execution, Aegeates failed miserably. Some of his relics are believed to be housed in Saint Peters Basilica in Rome, although this has not been confirmed. He is credited with extensive missionary journeys, including trips to India with Thomas, back to Armenia, as well as Ethiopia and Southern Arabia, according to legend. Simonis is frequently depicted with Judas Thaddeus, and some scholars believe that the two of them preached as a team. During Domitians persecution, which took place in the middle of the twentieth century, he was exiled to the island of Patmos. No one is sure why the scallop shell was chose as the symbol for St. James and his pilgrims. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Only two apostles are mentioned by name in the New Testament Judas Iscariot and James the son of Zebedee and their deaths are not recorded in the Old Testament. According to second theory, St. James body was exhumed in Jerusalem by disciples who had followed James from Spain. They were Jesus' most familiar allies and companions, but what do we really know about the lives and personalities of the twelve disciples? |::|, According to the BBC: We know that Jesus recruited from the community he grew up in, an environment with a simple but mixed economy where jobs were specialised and survival was all-important. He traveled over the world preaching the gospel. Jesus wanted to make sure the disciples understood the Scriptures before he revealed himself to them. Back then, Christian missionaries were not particularly well-liked by the general public. He is credited with extensive missionary journeys, including trips to India with Thomas, back to Armenia, as well as Ethiopia and Southern Arabia, according to folklore and legend. In Spain, St. James is variously as Jacobus, Iago, Jacme, Jaime, Diego, Jacques and Santiago. He told them, The Son of Man is going to be betrayed into the hands of men. A cross in the shape of an X is said to have been used at his execution in Patrason, where it is claimed that he preached to Greek communities. That is, once again, the supernatural power of the Holy Spirit! Five-year-old James, Son of Zebedee, a local missionary in Judea who was murdered or decapitated in Judea He was the son of Zebedee and brother to John; he was from Capernaum; he was referred to by Jesus as one of the sons of thunder; he was slain by Herod the tetrarch while preaching in Judea and was buried in the city of Capernaum. He died at an advanced age, about 100, after being afflicted by a terrible sickness. Take it with a grain of salt, as they say). James the Lesser, courtesy of a user on Wikimedia Commons: a disciple of Rembrandt Theory 1: James was martyred while serving as a missionary in Egypt (please note that Wikipedia is the source for this information). They will kill him, and after three days he will rise (Mark 9:31).Why, then, did they flee and act so frightened when He was arrested? I knew in my head that some of them had been slain very violently, but I was still taken aback by some of the specifics of their deaths. Andrew, like the majority of the apostles, died as a martyr, according to a document written by the theologian Hippolytus of Rome. Tradition holds that they were both martyred in Rome in around the year 64. Traditions have grown up around them, the most well known of which is the Apostles Creed, a short profession of faith said to have used by the Apostle, which began to be used in the Roman Church in the 3rd century. Additionally, in the sixteenth century, Justus Lipsius wrote that he had his limbs sawed in half. This is regarded as the day of the inception of the Christian church. He soon converted to Christianity, with the help of Peter. Apostles and Disciples The Twelve Apostles were the disciples of Jesus sent out after Christs Crucifixion to spread word of the newborn faith. James (the elder son of Zebedee, brother of John) was beheaded at Jerusalem. It is also thought that he was martyred in the year 70 AD; other accounts describe his death as a result of horrific agony, including spears and hot plates. The majority of what we know about the deaths of the other apostles comes from ancient Christian literature and church tradition, neither of which can be verified. During his time in Rome, he assisted in the formation of the Christian community before being killed in the Circus of Nero in 64 AD. The apostle Peter, who was called the rock upon which Christ built His Church (Matt. and for good reason, as well. James killed as a martyr, and his corpse was sawed into pieces, according to Theory 2. We really have some biblical literature to support this claim, which comes from Acts chapter 12 verses 1-2: Around that time, Herod the king extended his hands in an attempt to annoy particular members of the church.
what did the disciples do after jesus was crucified